Horticultural Planning Records Est. data · NOAA 1991–2020 · USDA 2023

Planting Calendar · Zone 4a · ZIP 12976

What to plant in the 4a zone area, by month.

A complete year of planting actions for ZIP 12976 — based on NOAA frost data and 684 crop schedules. Last spring frost: Jun 2. First fall frost: Sep 9. USDA Zone 4a.

Growing season
99 days
USDA Zone
4a
Crops covered
239
Frost tolerance Hardy Half-hardy Tender

JANUARY

No standard planting actions this month for ZIP 12976. Use this time to plan your garden and browse the growing database.

FEBRUARY

No standard planting actions this month for ZIP 12976. Use this time to plan your garden and browse the growing database.

MARCH

Start Indoors

Mar 31 Anaheim Pepper
Mar 31 Banana Pepper
Mar 31 Bee Balm
Mar 31 Cayenne Pepper
Mar 31 Chives
Mar 31 Garlic Chives
Mar 31 German Thyme
Mar 31 Hyssop
Mar 31 Jalapeño
Mar 31 Leek
Mar 31 Milkweed
Mar 31 Mint (Spearmint)
Mar 31 Onion
Mar 31 Pansy
Mar 31 Parsley (Curly)
Mar 31 Parsley (Flat-leaf)
Mar 31 Pepper (Bell)
Mar 31 Pepper (Hot)
Mar 31 Petunia
Mar 31 Pimento Pepper
Mar 31 Poblano Pepper
Mar 31 Rosemary
Mar 31 Rue
Mar 31 Serrano Pepper
Mar 31 Shishito Pepper
Mar 31 Snapdragon
Mar 31 Stock
Mar 31 Thai Pepper
Mar 31 Thyme
Mar 31 Viola
Mar 31 Wormwood
Mar 31 Yarrow

APRIL

Start Indoors

Apr 14 Anise Hyssop
Apr 14 Beefsteak Tomato
Apr 14 Black-Eyed Susan
Apr 14 Bunching Onion
Apr 14 Catnip
Apr 14 Cherry Tomato
Apr 14 Culantro
Apr 14 Eggplant
Apr 14 Feverfew
Apr 14 Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)
Apr 14 Grape Tomato
Apr 14 Greek Oregano
Apr 14 Green Onion (Scallion)
Apr 14 Ground Cherry
Apr 14 Heirloom Tomato
Apr 14 Husk Cherry
Apr 14 Japanese Eggplant
Apr 14 Lemon Balm
Apr 14 Marjoram
Apr 14 Nicotiana
Apr 14 Oregano
Apr 14 Paste Tomato
Apr 14 Purple Tomatillo
Apr 14 Roma Tomato
Apr 14 Roman Chamomile
Apr 14 Rosa Bianca Eggplant
Apr 14 Sage
Apr 14 San Marzano Tomato
Apr 14 Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)
Apr 14 Strawflower
Apr 14 Sweet Pea (Flower)
Apr 14 Tomatillo
Apr 14 Tomato
Apr 14 Winter Savory
Apr 28 Basil
Apr 28 Broccoli
Apr 28 Brussels Sprouts
Apr 28 Butterhead Lettuce
Apr 28 Cabbage
Apr 28 Calendula
Apr 28 Cauliflower
Apr 28 Celosia
Apr 28 Chamomile (German)
Apr 28 Cleome
Apr 28 Collard Greens
Apr 28 Cosmos
Apr 28 Four O'Clock
Apr 28 Genovese Basil
Apr 28 Holy Basil (Tulsi)
Apr 28 Kale
Apr 28 Kohlrabi
Apr 28 Lacinato Kale (Dinosaur)
Apr 28 Lemon Basil
Apr 28 Lettuce (Head)
Apr 28 Lettuce (Loose-leaf)
Apr 28 Luffa
Apr 28 Malabar Spinach
Apr 28 Marigold (African)
Apr 28 Marigold (French)
Apr 28 Marigold (Signet)
Apr 28 Oakleaf Lettuce
Apr 28 Purple Basil
Apr 28 Rainbow Chard
Apr 28 Red Cabbage
Apr 28 Red Russian Kale
Apr 28 Romaine Lettuce
Apr 28 Romanesco
Apr 28 Savoy Cabbage
Apr 28 Shiso (Perilla)
Apr 28 Summer Savory
Apr 28 Sweet Alyssum
Apr 28 Sweet Basil
Apr 28 Swiss Chard
Apr 28 Thai Basil
Apr 28 Zinnia

Direct Sow

Apr 28 Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)
Apr 28 Fava Beans
Apr 28 Large-Seeded Mâche
Apr 28 Mâche (Corn Salad)
Apr 28 Spinach

Transplant

Apr 28 Egyptian Walking Onion

MAY

Start Indoors

May 9 Amaranth (Ornamental)
May 9 Bitter Melon
May 9 Cucamelon
May 9 Kang Kong (Water Spinach)
May 9 Molokhia
May 9 New Zealand Spinach
May 9 Okra
May 16 Acorn Squash
May 16 Armenian Cucumber
May 16 Cantaloupe
May 16 Carnival Squash
May 16 Cucumber
May 16 Delicata Squash
May 16 Honeydew
May 16 Lemon Cucumber
May 16 Muskmelon
May 16 Patty Pan Squash
May 16 Pickling Cucumber
May 16 Spaghetti Squash
May 16 Summer Squash
May 16 Watermelon
May 16 Winter Squash
May 16 Yellow Crookneck Squash
May 16 Zucchini

Direct Sow

May 12 Arugula
May 12 Beet Greens
May 12 Beets
May 12 Broccoli Raab (Rapini)
May 12 Bunching Onion
May 12 Butterhead Lettuce
May 12 Carrots
May 12 Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)
May 12 Chervil
May 12 Chives
May 12 Collard Greens
May 12 Field Pea (Cover Crop)
May 12 Garden Cress
May 12 Garlic Chives
May 12 Golden Beet
May 12 Green Onion (Scallion)
May 12 Kale
May 12 Kohlrabi
May 12 Komatsuna
May 12 Lacinato Kale (Dinosaur)
May 12 Land Cress (Upland Cress)
May 12 Larkspur
May 12 Lettuce (Head)
May 12 Lettuce (Loose-leaf)
May 12 Mesclun Mix
May 12 Milkweed
May 12 Mizuna
May 12 Mustard Greens
May 12 Nantes Carrot
May 12 Oakleaf Lettuce
May 12 Onion
May 12 Perpetual Spinach
May 12 Radish
May 12 Rainbow Carrot
May 12 Red Russian Kale
May 12 Romaine Lettuce
May 12 Shallot
May 12 Shelling Peas
May 12 Snap Peas
May 12 Snow Peas
May 12 Sorrel
May 12 Spigarello
May 12 Sweet Pea (Flower)
May 12 Tatsoi
May 12 Turnip
May 13 Parsnip
May 26 Agretti
May 26 Anise Hyssop
May 26 Bachelor's Button (Cornflower)
May 26 Black Radish
May 26 Black-Eyed Susan
May 26 Bok Choy
May 26 Burdock (Gobo)
May 26 Calendula
May 26 Caraway
May 26 Catnip
May 26 Chamomile (German)
May 26 Chinese Broccoli (Gai Lan)
May 26 Cilantro
May 26 Coriander (Seed)
May 26 Crimson Clover
May 26 Daikon Radish
May 26 Dill
May 26 Endive
May 26 Escarole
May 26 Fennel
May 26 Fennel (Bulbing)
May 26 Fenugreek
May 26 Feverfew
May 26 Fingerling Potato
May 26 Garbanzo Bean (Chickpea)
May 26 Good King Henry
May 26 Lemon Balm
May 26 Lentil
May 26 Lovage
May 26 Napa Cabbage
May 26 Orach (Mountain Spinach)
May 26 Parsley (Curly)
May 26 Parsley (Flat-leaf)
May 26 Parsnip
May 26 Phacelia
May 26 Potato
May 26 Quinoa
May 26 Radicchio
May 26 Rainbow Chard
May 26 Russet Potato
May 26 Rutabaga
May 26 Sweet Alyssum
May 26 Swiss Chard
May 26 Watercress
May 26 Watermelon Radish
May 26 Winter Rye
May 26 Yukon Gold Potato
May 27 Brussels Sprouts
May 27 Purple Sprouting Broccoli

Transplant

May 12 Onion
May 12 Pansy
May 12 Viola
May 19 Butterhead Lettuce
May 19 Kohlrabi
May 19 Leek
May 19 Lettuce (Head)
May 19 Romaine Lettuce
May 19 Stock
May 26 Bee Balm
May 26 Bok Choy
May 26 Broccoli
May 26 Brussels Sprouts
May 26 Cabbage
May 26 Cauliflower
May 26 Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)
May 26 Chinese Broccoli (Gai Lan)
May 26 Collard Greens
May 26 Comfrey
May 26 Endive
May 26 Escarole
May 26 Everbearing Strawberry
May 26 Fennel
May 26 Fennel (Bulbing)
May 26 Kale
May 26 Lacinato Kale (Dinosaur)
May 26 Mint (Peppermint)
May 26 Mint (Spearmint)
May 26 Napa Cabbage
May 26 Radicchio
May 26 Red Cabbage
May 26 Red Russian Kale
May 26 Roman Chamomile
May 26 Romanesco
May 26 Savoy Cabbage
May 26 Snapdragon
May 26 Spigarello
May 26 Strawberry
May 26 Yarrow

Harvest

May 27 Garden Cress

JUNE

Direct Sow

Jun 6 Amaranth (Ornamental)
Jun 6 Borage
Jun 6 Celosia
Jun 6 Cleome
Jun 6 Cosmos
Jun 6 Fennel (Seed/Herb)
Jun 6 Four O'Clock
Jun 6 Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)
Jun 6 Marigold (African)
Jun 6 Marigold (French)
Jun 6 Marigold (Signet)
Jun 6 Morning Glory
Jun 6 Nasturtium
Jun 6 Strawflower
Jun 6 Summer Savory
Jun 6 Sunflower
Jun 6 Zinnia
Jun 10 Broccoli
Jun 10 Cabbage
Jun 10 Cauliflower
Jun 10 Red Cabbage
Jun 10 Romanesco
Jun 10 Rutabaga
Jun 10 Savoy Cabbage
Jun 13 Acorn Squash
Jun 13 Armenian Cucumber
Jun 13 Basil
Jun 13 Buckwheat
Jun 13 Bush Beans (Snap)
Jun 13 Cantaloupe
Jun 13 Carnival Squash
Jun 13 Corn
Jun 13 Cucamelon
Jun 13 Cucumber
Jun 13 Delicata Squash
Jun 13 Dry Bean
Jun 13 Epazote
Jun 13 Genovese Basil
Jun 13 Gherkin
Jun 13 Green Beans (Bush)
Jun 13 Green Beans (Pole)
Jun 13 Honeydew
Jun 13 Kang Kong (Water Spinach)
Jun 13 Lemon Basil
Jun 13 Lemon Cucumber
Jun 13 Lima Beans
Jun 13 Molokhia
Jun 13 Muskmelon
Jun 13 New Zealand Spinach
Jun 13 Papalo
Jun 13 Patty Pan Squash
Jun 13 Pickling Cucumber
Jun 13 Purple Basil
Jun 13 Purslane
Jun 13 Samphire
Jun 13 Scarlet Runner Bean
Jun 13 Shiso (Perilla)
Jun 13 Soybeans (Edamame)
Jun 13 Spaghetti Squash
Jun 13 Squash (Companion Reference)
Jun 13 Summer Squash
Jun 13 Sweet Basil
Jun 13 Sweet Corn
Jun 13 Thai Basil
Jun 13 Watermelon
Jun 13 Winter Squash
Jun 13 Yellow Crookneck Squash
Jun 13 Zucchini
Jun 20 Asparagus Bean
Jun 20 Bitter Melon
Jun 20 Cowpeas (Black-eyed Peas)
Jun 20 Malabar Spinach
Jun 20 Okra
Jun 20 Yard-Long Bean
Jun 24 Carrots
Jun 24 Collard Greens
Jun 24 Fennel
Jun 24 Fennel (Bulbing)
Jun 24 Nantes Carrot
Jun 24 Napa Cabbage
Jun 24 Rainbow Carrot

Transplant

Jun 6 Gladiolus
Jun 6 Nicotiana
Jun 6 Petunia
Jun 9 Creeping Savory
Jun 9 Dahlia
Jun 9 German Thyme
Jun 9 Greek Oregano
Jun 9 Hyssop
Jun 9 Oregano
Jun 9 Rue
Jun 9 Sage
Jun 9 Society Garlic
Jun 9 Tarragon (French)
Jun 9 Thyme
Jun 9 Winter Savory
Jun 9 Wormwood
Jun 13 Anaheim Pepper
Jun 13 Banana Pepper
Jun 13 Basil
Jun 13 Beefsteak Tomato
Jun 13 Cayenne Pepper
Jun 13 Cherry Tomato
Jun 13 Cucumber
Jun 13 Culantro
Jun 13 Genovese Basil
Jun 13 Grape Tomato
Jun 13 Ground Cherry
Jun 13 Heirloom Tomato
Jun 13 Holy Basil (Tulsi)
Jun 13 Husk Cherry
Jun 13 Jalapeño
Jun 13 Lemon Basil
Jun 13 Marjoram
Jun 13 Paste Tomato
Jun 13 Pepper (Bell)
Jun 13 Pepper (Hot)
Jun 13 Pimento Pepper
Jun 13 Poblano Pepper
Jun 13 Purple Basil
Jun 13 Purple Tomatillo
Jun 13 Roma Tomato
Jun 13 Rosemary
Jun 13 San Marzano Tomato
Jun 13 Serrano Pepper
Jun 13 Shishito Pepper
Jun 13 Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)
Jun 13 Sweet Basil
Jun 13 Thai Basil
Jun 13 Thai Pepper
Jun 13 Tomatillo
Jun 13 Tomato
Jun 20 Eggplant
Jun 20 Japanese Eggplant
Jun 20 Rosa Bianca Eggplant
Jun 20 Vietnamese Coriander

Harvest

Jun 3 Radish
Jun 7 Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)
Jun 7 Spinach
Jun 9 Mesclun Mix
Jun 11 Beet Greens
Jun 11 Mizuna
Jun 11 Mustard Greens
Jun 12 Large-Seeded Mâche
Jun 12 Mâche (Corn Salad)
Jun 16 Arugula
Jun 16 Komatsuna
Jun 21 Broccoli Raab (Rapini)
Jun 21 Chervil
Jun 21 Tatsoi
Jun 21 Turnip
Jun 26 Land Cress (Upland Cress)
Jun 26 Lettuce (Loose-leaf)
Jun 26 Oakleaf Lettuce

JULY

Direct Sow

Jul 8 Beets
Jul 8 Black Radish
Jul 8 Bok Choy
Jul 8 Broccoli Raab (Rapini)
Jul 8 Butterhead Lettuce
Jul 8 Chinese Broccoli (Gai Lan)
Jul 8 Daikon Radish
Jul 8 Endive
Jul 8 Escarole
Jul 8 Golden Beet
Jul 8 Kale
Jul 8 Kohlrabi
Jul 8 Lacinato Kale (Dinosaur)
Jul 8 Lettuce (Head)
Jul 8 Lettuce (Loose-leaf)
Jul 8 Oakleaf Lettuce
Jul 8 Radicchio
Jul 8 Red Russian Kale
Jul 8 Romaine Lettuce
Jul 8 Saffron Crocus
Jul 8 Spigarello
Jul 8 Watermelon Radish
Jul 22 Arugula
Jul 22 Beet Greens
Jul 22 Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)
Jul 22 Crimson Clover
Jul 22 Egyptian Walking Onion
Jul 22 Komatsuna
Jul 22 Land Cress (Upland Cress)
Jul 22 Large-Seeded Mâche
Jul 22 Mâche (Corn Salad)
Jul 22 Mesclun Mix
Jul 22 Mizuna
Jul 22 Mustard Greens
Jul 22 Spinach
Jul 22 Tatsoi
Jul 22 Turnip

Harvest

Jul 1 Golden Beet
Jul 1 Green Onion (Scallion)
Jul 1 Perpetual Spinach
Jul 1 Sorrel
Jul 3 Kohlrabi
Jul 5 Agretti
Jul 5 Bok Choy
Jul 5 Dill
Jul 5 Fenugreek
Jul 5 Orach (Mountain Spinach)
Jul 6 Beets
Jul 6 Snow Peas
Jul 6 Viola
Jul 8 Butterhead Lettuce
Jul 10 Cilantro
Jul 10 Phacelia
Jul 10 Spigarello
Jul 10 Sweet Alyssum
Jul 11 Bunching Onion
Jul 11 Chives
Jul 11 Field Pea (Cover Crop)
Jul 11 Pansy
Jul 11 Shelling Peas
Jul 11 Snap Peas
Jul 12 Fava Beans
Jul 13 Lettuce (Head)
Jul 13 Nantes Carrot
Jul 13 Romaine Lettuce
Jul 15 Calendula
Jul 15 Chinese Broccoli (Gai Lan)
Jul 15 Daikon Radish
Jul 15 Endive
Jul 15 Kale
Jul 15 Napa Cabbage
Jul 15 Rainbow Chard
Jul 15 Red Russian Kale
Jul 15 Swiss Chard
Jul 15 Watercress
Jul 15 Watermelon Radish
Jul 16 Rainbow Carrot
Jul 20 Black Radish
Jul 20 Cauliflower
Jul 20 Lacinato Kale (Dinosaur)
Jul 21 Carrots
Jul 21 Garlic Chives
Jul 23 Purslane
Jul 25 Bachelor's Button (Cornflower)
Jul 25 Broccoli
Jul 25 Caraway
Jul 25 Chamomile (German)
Jul 25 Collard Greens
Jul 25 Radicchio
Jul 25 Winter Rye
Jul 26 Borage
Jul 26 Marigold (French)
Jul 26 Marigold (Signet)
Jul 26 Sweet Pea (Flower)
Jul 27 Egyptian Walking Onion
Jul 28 Summer Squash
Jul 28 Zucchini
Jul 30 Fennel
Jul 30 Fennel (Bulbing)
Jul 31 Nasturtium
Jul 31 Pickling Cucumber
Jul 31 Summer Savory
Jul 31 Yellow Crookneck Squash

AUGUST

Direct Sow

Aug 5 Elephant Garlic
Aug 5 Garlic
Aug 5 Hairy Vetch
Aug 5 Radish
Aug 5 Shallot
Aug 5 Winter Rye

Harvest

Aug 2 Bush Beans (Snap)
Aug 2 Cucumber
Aug 2 Epazote
Aug 2 Green Beans (Bush)
Aug 2 Kang Kong (Water Spinach)
Aug 2 Molokhia
Aug 2 Patty Pan Squash
Aug 2 Squash (Companion Reference)
Aug 4 Cabbage
Aug 4 Catnip
Aug 4 Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)
Aug 4 Crimson Clover
Aug 4 Escarole
Aug 4 Lemon Balm
Aug 4 Mint (Peppermint)
Aug 4 Mint (Spearmint)
Aug 4 Parsley (Curly)
Aug 4 Parsley (Flat-leaf)
Aug 4 Potato
Aug 4 Roman Chamomile
Aug 5 Four O'Clock
Aug 5 Larkspur
Aug 5 Zinnia
Aug 7 Cherry Tomato
Aug 7 New Zealand Spinach
Aug 9 Red Cabbage
Aug 9 Romanesco
Aug 10 Shallot
Aug 12 Armenian Cucumber
Aug 12 Basil
Aug 12 Genovese Basil
Aug 12 Gherkin
Aug 12 Grape Tomato
Aug 12 Green Beans (Pole)
Aug 12 Holy Basil (Tulsi)
Aug 12 Lemon Basil
Aug 12 Lemon Cucumber
Aug 12 Papalo
Aug 12 Samphire
Aug 12 Scarlet Runner Bean
Aug 12 Shishito Pepper
Aug 12 Shiso (Perilla)
Aug 12 Sweet Basil
Aug 12 Thai Basil
Aug 12 Tomato
Aug 14 Feverfew
Aug 14 Good King Henry
Aug 14 Lentil
Aug 14 Lovage
Aug 14 Malabar Spinach
Aug 14 Okra
Aug 14 Savoy Cabbage
Aug 14 Yukon Gold Potato
Aug 15 Celosia
Aug 15 Cleome
Aug 15 Cosmos
Aug 15 Gladiolus
Aug 15 Marigold (African)
Aug 15 Morning Glory
Aug 15 Nicotiana
Aug 15 Petunia
Aug 15 Sunflower
Aug 16 Luffa
Aug 17 Banana Pepper
Aug 17 Corn
Aug 17 Cucamelon
Aug 17 Lima Beans
Aug 17 Poblano Pepper
Aug 17 Purple Basil
Aug 17 Stock
Aug 17 Sweet Corn
Aug 18 German Thyme
Aug 18 Thyme
Aug 18 Winter Savory
Aug 19 Anise Hyssop
Aug 19 Cowpeas (Black-eyed Peas)
Aug 19 Japanese Eggplant
Aug 19 Vietnamese Coriander
Aug 20 Onion
Aug 20 Strawflower
Aug 22 Buckwheat
Aug 22 Cayenne Pepper
Aug 22 Culantro
Aug 22 Ground Cherry
Aug 22 Husk Cherry
Aug 22 Jalapeño
Aug 22 Marjoram
Aug 22 Paste Tomato
Aug 22 Pepper (Bell)
Aug 22 Pepper (Hot)
Aug 22 Pimento Pepper
Aug 22 Purple Tomatillo
Aug 22 Roma Tomato
Aug 22 Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)
Aug 22 Watermelon
Aug 23 Hyssop
Aug 23 Sage
Aug 24 Bee Balm
Aug 24 Black-Eyed Susan
Aug 24 Brussels Sprouts
Aug 24 Comfrey
Aug 24 Coriander (Seed)
Aug 24 Eggplant
Aug 24 Everbearing Strawberry
Aug 24 Fingerling Potato
Aug 24 Garbanzo Bean (Chickpea)
Aug 24 Quinoa
Aug 24 Rutabaga
Aug 24 Snapdragon
Aug 24 Strawberry
Aug 27 Anaheim Pepper
Aug 27 Cantaloupe
Aug 27 Heirloom Tomato
Aug 27 Leek
Aug 27 Muskmelon
Aug 27 Serrano Pepper
Aug 27 Soybeans (Edamame)
Aug 27 Tomatillo
Aug 28 Creeping Savory
Aug 28 Greek Oregano
Aug 28 Oregano
Aug 28 Rue
Aug 28 Tarragon (French)
Aug 29 Rosa Bianca Eggplant
Aug 29 Yard-Long Bean
Aug 30 Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)
Aug 30 San Marzano Tomato

SEPTEMBER

Harvest

Sep 1 Acorn Squash
Sep 1 Beefsteak Tomato
Sep 1 Delicata Squash
Sep 1 Honeydew
Sep 1 Rosemary
Sep 1 Thai Pepper
Sep 3 Asparagus Bean
Sep 3 Burdock (Gobo)
Sep 3 Parsnip
Sep 3 Russet Potato
Sep 3 Yarrow
Sep 4 Amaranth (Ornamental)
Sep 4 Fennel (Seed/Herb)
Sep 6 Carnival Squash
Sep 6 Dry Bean
Sep 6 Winter Squash
Sep 7 Dahlia
Sep 7 Society Garlic
Sep 7 Wormwood
Sep 8 Bitter Melon
Sep 9 Milkweed
Sep 9 Spaghetti Squash

OCTOBER

No standard planting actions this month for ZIP 12976. Use this time to plan your garden and browse the growing database.

NOVEMBER

No standard planting actions this month for ZIP 12976. Use this time to plan your garden and browse the growing database.

DECEMBER

No standard planting actions this month for ZIP 12976. Use this time to plan your garden and browse the growing database.

About This Calendar

This calendar lays out a full year of planting actions for ZIP 12976 (Zone 4a). Each date is computed by taking the crop's documented timing — a number of weeks before or after frost — and measuring it against this location's last spring frost (Jun 2) and first fall frost (Sep 9). The frost dates are the median values from NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals for the nearest weather station, and the hardiness zone (4a) is from the USDA 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map.

Dates are a planning baseline, not a guarantee — real weather varies year to year, and your own microclimate may run a week or two ahead of or behind the neighborhood. The marker beside each crop notes its frost tolerance: hardy, half-hardy, tender.

Sources

  • Frost dates from NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals.
  • Hardiness zone from the USDA 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map.
  • Crop timing from university extension publications and Johnny's Selected Seeds.